我国学者特别是科学哲学研究者也十分注重理论与观察问题的研究，专文有：张谨的《观察与理论关系的历史考察及其哲学思考》，《华中科技大学学报》2001年第2期；赵妙法的《西方科学哲学中观察与理论关系评析》，《安徽大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》1998年第4期。
[1] There is little direct evidence as to the kind and amount of knowledge which Pythagoras acquired，or as to his definite philosophical views.Everything of the kind mentioned by Plato and Aristotle is attributed not to Pythagoras，but to the Pythagoreans.Heraclitus stated that he was a man of extensive learning;and Xenophanes claimed that he believed in the transmigration of souls（Diogenes Lartius，viii.36，comp.Aristotle，de Anima ，i.3;Herodotus，ii.123.）Xenophanes mentions the story of his interceding on behalf of a dog that was being beaten，professing to recognise in its cries the voice of a departed friend.Pythagoras is supposed to have claimed that he had been Euphorbus，the son of Panthus，in the Trojan war，as well as various other characters，a tradesman，a courtesan，etc.（Porphyry，Vit.Pyth.26;Pausanias，ii.17;Diogenes Lartius，viii.5;Horace，Od.i.28，1.10）In his book The Life of Apollonius of Tyana ，Philostratus wrote that Pythagoras knew not only who he was himself，but also who he had been.（Flavius Philostratus：The Life of Apollonius of Tyana ，trad.F.C.Conybeare，Vol.2，London，1912，Book VI：39.）